At least 17 motorists have been shot during immigration operations as the Trump administration ramped up enforcement, a Washington Post analysis finds.

In the wake of two fatal shootings days apart, Immigration and Customs Enforcement temporarily halted attempts to arrest undocumented immigrants by pulling them over in their cars. President Donald Trump then appeared to undermine that change with a post on social media. The recent deaths — in Houston and Biddeford, Maine — are among at least 17 shootings of motorists by federal immigration officers since the beginning of Trump’s term nearly 18 months ago, a Washington Post analysis shows.

Six people, including two U.S. citizens, have died in these shootings, which involved personnel from ICE, U.S. Customs and Border Protection, and Homeland Security Investigations.

Such incidents have become more frequent as the administration ramped up immigration enforcement, aiming for 2,000 arrests per day in recent weeks. In July alone, ICE officers have been involved in three shootings, all during traffic stops. ICE investigated three instances where an officer discharged a firearm under any circumstances from October 2023 through September 2024.

In a February news release, Department of Homeland Security Assistant Secretary Tricia McLaughlin stated: “We have seen more than 180 vehicle attacks against law enforcement since President Trump took office.” In some high-profile cases, DHS’s account of the shootings has been contradicted by video or witness accounts.

DHS says it investigates all shootings involving its personnel. Some of the 17 shootings also prompted probes from the FBI or state agencies, and at least one officer was criminally charged.

The Post’s count excludes shootings in which no one was injured and those that occurred outside official enforcement operations. The list also excludes incidents that did not involve vehicles, such as the killing of Alex Pretti in Minneapolis as he protested ICE operations.

Here is a look at the 17 incidents reviewed by The Post.

July 13: Biddeford, Maine

Johan Sebastián Durán Guerrero (fatal)

An ICE officer shot and killed 25-year-old Durán during a traffic stop. The Colombian national was attempting to flee the scene and the officer feared “for public safety,” according to an ICE spokesperson.

According to Sen. Angus King (I-Maine), Durán was not the target of the enforcement operation. Federal and state authorities are investigating the shooting.

July 7: Houston

Lorenzo Salgado Araujo (fatal)

Salgado Araujo was fatally shot by an ICE officer during a traffic stop. Officials said Salgado Araujo, who was from Mexico and did not have legal status in the United States, rammed an ICE vehicle during an enforcement operation.

Three men who were in Salgado Araujo’s car during the shooting disputed the ICE account, saying that an officer fired almost immediately upon exiting his vehicle and Salgado Araujo did not veer in his direction.

The Department of Homeland Security’s Office of Inspector General is investigating.

June 15: Ocean County, New Jersey

Eduardo Cruz Garcia

An ICE officer shot Cruz Garcia as he fled from a traffic stop in New Jersey on June 15, according to a court filing. The New York Times reported that he was struck in the arm. He was charged with assaulting an officer.

April 7: Patterson, California

Carlos Ivan Mendoza Hernandez

Federal immigration officers shot Mendoza Hernandez multiple times in his car. Prosecutors said that he was in the U.S. illegally and accused him of attempting to run over the officers as they tried to detain him.

A federal grand jury indicted him on two counts of assault and one count of destruction of government property.

March 4: Sierra Blanca, Texas

James Douglas McMillan (fatal)

McMillan, a Wisconsin resident, was shot and killed after fleeing a U.S. Border Patrol checkpoint, according to a statement from the Texas Department of Public Safety. The statement said law enforcement fired at McMillan after he began shooting out the vehicle window at state troopers, civilian vehicles, responding sheriffs and a Border Patrol Tactical Unit.

Texas Rangers, with assistance from the FBI and CBP, were investigating.

Feb. 22: Pittsburg, New Hampshire

Blu Zeke Daly

A Border Patrol agent shot Blu Zeke Daly near the Canadian border after he had fired at the officer, according to a criminal complaint. Daly, whose vehicle crashed into a snowbank, was indicted on attempted murder charges in May.

Jan. 27: Near Arivaca, Arizona

Patrick Gary Schlegel

A Border Patrol agent shot Patrick Gary Schlegel during a pursuit, according to a news release from the Arizona U.S. Attorney’s Office. Schlegel, a U.S. citizen whom Border Patrol suspected of transporting people who entered the country illegally, is accused of firing upon a helicopter before being shot.

Schlegel was wounded in the leg and head. He was charged in January and later indicted.

Jan. 14: Minneapolis

Julio Cesar Sosa-Celis

An ICE officer shot Sosa-Celis near his home. A DHS account of the shooting said he fled a traffic stop and was shot during a struggle on the ground, in which two other individuals helped attack the officer with “a snow shovel and broom handle.”

DHS did not provide video footage of an attack with a shovel, and witnesses said the shooting happened at Sosa-Celis’s house, not during a struggle. Charges against Sosa-Celis were later dropped. The ICE officer, Christian Castro, was charged by state authorities with assault and falsely reporting a crime. He was arrested in Texas in May.

Jan. 8: Portland, Oregon

Yorlenys Zambrano-Contreras and Luis Nino-Moncada

A Border Patrol agent shot Nino-Moncada and Zambrano-Contreras. DHS alleged that Nino-Moncada attempted to run his car over a Border Patrol agent before the shooting. Nino-Moncada sustained an arm injury while Zambrano-Contreras, a passenger in the car, was struck in the chest, DHS said in a news release.

Jan. 7: Minneapolis

Renée Good (fatal)

An ICE officer shot and killed Good through her car window. Trump said that Good “viciously ran over” the officer, and Homeland Security Secretary Kristi L. Noem claimed Good had committed an act of “domestic terrorism.”

However, video analysis from The Post showed that while Good’s vehicle moved toward the ICE agent, he was able to move out of the way before firing at least two of three shots from the side of the vehicle.

The Justice Department recently shared evidence related to this shooting, the Sosa-Celis shooting and the Pretti shooting with Minnesota authorities who have been working for months to investigate the cases.

Dec. 24: Glen Burnie, Maryland

Tiago Alexandre Sousa-Martins

ICE officers shot Sousa-Martins as he fled a traffic stop, according to a statement from DHS. However, DHS later amended its account after a local police statement contradicted some details.

Sousa-Martins later pleaded guilty to damaging two government-owned vehicles after ramming them with his van while trying to escape.

Oct. 30: Ontario, California

Carlos Jimenez

An ICE officer shot Jimenez in the shoulder during a traffic stop, according to a criminal complaint. He allegedly accelerated in reverse toward agents, who feared they might be run over.

Jimenez’s lawyer said an agent instructed Jimenez to leave the scene but fired as Jimenez tried to do so.

Oct. 21: Los Angeles

Carlitos Ricardo Parias

A federal agent shot and wounded Parias as he attempted to flee an immigration arrest. A statement from the Central District of California U.S. Attorney’s Office said that Parias, of Mexico, rammed law enforcement vehicles as they surrounded him. A court filing from Parias said that officers drove unmarked cars and fired chemical weapons before the shooting.

Oct. 4: Chicago

Marimar Martinez

A Border Patrol agent shot Martinez five times. A DHS statement claimed Martinez was one of the “domestic terrorists” in the incident and said she rammed federal officials with her car and was armed with a semiautomatic weapon. Martinez, in a statement to the House Committee on Homeland Security, said that agents, before shooting, had swerved into her car as she attempted to evade them.

Martinez was indicted on charges of assault and attempted murder, but a judge dismissed the case in November.

Sept. 12: Franklin Park, Illinois

Silverio Villegas-Gonzalez (fatal)

An ICE officer fatally shot Villegas-Gonzalez after attempting to detain him in a Chicago suburb on Sept. 12. Federal authorities said Villegas-Gonzalez, who they said was living in the country illegally, attempted to flee the arrest and struck the officer, who suffered multiple injuries before firing.

Videos collected by The Post showed that officers engaged in tactics that experts said put them in unnecessary risk. The footage also shows the officer was mobile after the shooting and described his injuries as “nothing major.”

March 15, 2025: South Padre Island, Texas

Ruben Ray Martinez (fatal)

An HSI officer shot and killed Martinez. The shooting went unacknowledged by DHS for almost a year, before a lawsuit over an public information request unearthed internal DHS records. In a statement following the release, the agency said Martinez “intentionally ran over” an agent and another agent shot him.

Video footage analyzed by The Post showed that Martinez’s car moved forward very slowly and did not appear to target an agent before officer Jack C. Stevens fired three shots into the sedan.